Grinding or polishing wheel and the art of manufacturing same



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F; N. GARDNER.

GRIND ING AND POLISHING WHEEL AND ARTOP MANUPAGT-URING SAME. No.494,471, Patented'Ma r. 28, 1893 f m m m: nomus PETERS co. PHOYO-LIYHQ,WASNKNGTDN, n. c.

(Model?) 4 Shets-Sheet 3. 'F. N. GARDNER.

GRINDING AND POLISHING WHEEL AND ART OF MANUFAGTURING SAME. No. 494,471.Patented Mar. 28, 1893.

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4 Shets-Sheet 4. ER. RT OF MANUFACTURING SAME. Patented Mar. 28, 1893.

(Modm aL) P. N.'GARDN GRINDING AND POLISHING WHEEL AND A No. 494,471. A

A m. v M v NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK N. GARDNER, OF BELOIT, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO CHARLES H.BESLY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

GRINDING 0R POLISHING WHEEL AND THE ART OF MANUFACTURING SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent No. 494,471, dated March28, 1893.

Application filed October 26, 1891. Serial No. 409.903. (ModeL) To allwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK N. GARD- NER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Beloit, in the county of Rock and State ofWisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Grindingor Polishing Wheels and the Art of Manufacturing the Same, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This application is filed in continuation of and as a substitute for myapplication for Letters Patent filed on or about October 27, 1888, andserially numbered 289,283.

The object of my invention,generallystated, is to provide a simple,economical, and highly efficient construction of grinding or polishingwheel, having an abrading surface which can be graded with reference tothe work for which it is produced, and which, when worn, can,atcomparatively small cost, be removed and replaced by a new abradin gsurface, either of the same or of a different grade.

Certain further objects andends sought and attained by my invention, andmore particularly specified as follows, to wit: first, the convenient,economical, and commercially practical production of an abrading wheelhaving a separately formed abrading face or surface, which, for thepurposes of its allotted use is practically rigid or solid, and ineffect integral with the body of the wheel, but at the same time capableof being removed therefrom with comparative ease by properly directedefforts, so that the wheel can be used for effective work, such asgrinding, or polishing, or grinding and polishing, until its abradingsurface becomes too much worn for such purpose, whereupon its saidabrading surface can be removed and replaced by a new one; second, theprovision of a grinding or polishing wheel having a removable corrugatedabrading face, generally rigid with the wheel and for purpose of use, ineffect integral with the same, but so secured or united to the wheel asto avoid all necessity of strips or wires laid within the grooves as ameans for securing the removable abrading face or facing in place, andthereby, 1,permit the abrading face to do more rapid and effective work;2,leave the grooves open to receive loose particles resulting from thework of grinding or polishing; 3,perit=iit the practical and economicaluse of a metal or other like hard and sufficiently heavy wheel as abacking for the removable abrading facing; 4,permit the convenient andpractical formation of ribs and grooves eitherspiral or in concentriccircles without fastening strips; third, the provision of a grinding orpolishing wheel having a peculiarly grooved and ribbed abrading face,whereby during operation the grinding action upon the work shall beuniformly distributed and have a sort of shearing action, serving torapidly, thoroughly and effectively accomplish the desired results;fourth, the provision of a grinding or polishing wheel having anabrading-facing rigid with the wheel and characterized by the surface ofthe same, but having ribbed portions formed more or less crowning incross-section, so as to wear from the highest middle line toward thenext adjacent bordering lines of grooves or grooving.

To the attainment of the foregoing and other useful ends my inventionconsists in matters hereinafter set forth.

In carrying out my invention I provide a grinding or polishing wheelhaving an abrading face or surface formed by a sheet or facing of somesuitable abradant such as emery or corundum cloth, or emery or corundumpaper, which is united to the Wheel bya backing of glue or cement, andcaused, by suitably applied pressure, to conform to the configurationofthe portion of the wheel to which itis applied. The Wheel can be shapedin any desired way, as for example, it can be made in the form of acylindric roll and have its cylindric perimeter faced with the saidabradant, or it can be made as a disk and have one or both of its sidesprovided with such abrading facing.

For certain purposes the wheel can be made of various materials, but asa special and preferred construction and matter of furtherimprovement,it is madeof metal. Other dense and sufficiently heavy materials couldbe used, but I prefer a metal or metallic Wheel, since first, it can beeconomically produced and provided with a grooved and ribbed surface;secondly, its said face will be durable and preserve its distinctiveform; thirdly, the wheel can be conveniently made in disk form and atthe same time will be of sufficient weight to insure proper momentumwhen started up; and, fourthly, while the abrading facing can be rigidlyglued onto the metal or metallic wheel so as to resist all dispositionon the part of the work to rub it loose, it can be nevertheless strippedfrom the wheel when it is desired to provide a new abrading facing.

For certain purposes of my invention the wheel can be provided withvariously formed or arranged grooving or depressions arranged to leaveribs or high portions alternating with the same, but as a preferredarrangement I channel or groove the wheel so as to provide it with asurface or surface portion composed of ribs alternating with the groovesor channels, and apply to the surface of the wheel thus formed, a layerof glue or cement, and a sheet of abrading material such as emery orcorundum cloth or paper which is hacked and held by the glue or cementin suitably firm connection with the grooved or channeled wheel. Theglue or cement can be first applied to the wheel and the abrading sheetcan then be placed upon the glue or cernentcovered surface of the wheel,or the glue or cement can be applied to the back of the abrading sheetand the same then applied to the wheel. By placing a flexible or elasticpad upon the abrading sheet thus applied to the wheel, and applyingsuitable pressure upon said pad by a clamp or press, the abrading sheetwill be depressed into the grooves or channels which will be otherwisefilled with glue or cement as a backing for the abrading sheet. The glueor cement upon hardening will of course adhere with considerabletenacity to the wheel, and by thus grooving the latter, a more extendedarea of surface is provided for the glue or cement to adhere to. It willalso be observed that the glue or cement adheres to the sheet ofabrading material so as to be practically or in effect integral with orincorporated into the same, and hence that the sheet is in effectprovided with a backing having projections or ribs formed by the glue orcement and tightly fitting in depressions or grooves in the wheel, andhence, that the sheet is rigidly united to the wheel and held againstall disposition to rub off, shift, or rub up or pucker while an articleis being ground or polished. This stable connection between the sheet ofabrading material and the wheel is also obviously assisted by the factthat the sheet is depressed within the grooves or channels.

\Vhile the wheel may be made of various forms for the broader purposesof my invention, I prefer as a special form and matter of furtherimprovement to employ as a wheel, a metal or metallic disk having bothof its oppositely arranged sides formed with ribs and grooves orchannels as hereinbefore set forth, and while for certain purposes of myinvention the grooves or channels can be variously arranged, I prefer,as a further matter of improvement to provide the finished wheel with aspirally grooved and ribbed abrading face so as to insure more rapid,uniform and thorough action.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 represents what may be termed aside or face view of a disk which forms a preferred construction ofwheel and shows the same provided on one side with a geometric spiralgroove and rib, it being herein understood that the portion termed itssides when the wheel is made in disk-form, might be termed its ends, ifthe wheel were made in the form of a roll, in which latter case,however, the perimeter of the wheel or roll would be the most desirableportion to provide with an abrading surface. The opposite side or faceof the disk or wheel is desirably correspondingly grooved and is sounderstood in Fig. 2, which is a section on line 13-33 in Fig. 1. Fig.3, is a View similar to Fig. l, but shows the wheel provided with anabrading facing. Fig. 4E is a section on line g y in Fig. 3, andillustratesabradingfacingsappliedtoopposite sides of the wheel or disk.Fig. 5 represents on an exaggerated scale a portion of the Wheel,abrading facing and backing of glue or cement interposed between theabrading facing and wheel. Fig. 6 is a side view of the diskshaped wheelhaving its side provided with ribs and grooves in concentric circles,and Fi 7, is a like view showing the wheel provided with radial groovesand ribs. Fig. 8 illustrates the wheel shaped as a cylindric roll andhaving the abrading facing applied to its perimeter. Fig. 9 is a centrallongitudinal section through the form of wheel illustrated in Fig. 8.Fig. 9 is a section taken vertically and centrally through a press, andillustrates a mode of preparing the abrading wheel.

The wheel, A, is preferably made of metal, or some metallic composition,and when so made (that is to say made either of metal or some metalliccomposition) it may be termed a metallic wheel. The wheel is alsopreferably solid, although of course it could be formed with a body ofany suitable material provided a metallic side or sides could be groovedor corrugated prior to or after their securement to said body. Reasonsfor employing metal as a preferred body for the wheel are hereinbeforegiven. It may however, be further mentioned, that material such as woodis objectionable because but little profit and satisfaction could bederived from an attempt to remove an abrading facing glued to a woodenwheel, and also that wood is liable to warp, crack and Wear.

The wheel can be adapted for securement to an arbor or spindle in anysuitable way, as for example, it can be provided with annular offsets,1, about a centrally arranged opening, 2, so as to receive a shoulderedspindle to which the wheel could be secured by bolts applied throughbolt-holes, 3, in its web-portion, 4, formed betwpen the two offsets.The sides of the wheel or disk shown in Fig. l are each provided with aspirally arranged groove, B, (one of said sides being illustrated insaid Fig. 1 and both of said sides being illustrated in Fig. 2) and aspirally arranged rib, C, formed as a result of the said groove orchan-' nel. Each side thus grooved and ribbed is provided with anabrading facing, D, consisting of emery, corundum, or analogous abradingcloth or paper, which said facing is united with the wheel by a layer orbacking,.E, of glue or cement as best illustrated by Fig. 5, in whichthe parts are somewhat exaggerated for the purposeof illustration, andthe glue or cement represented in solid black, while in Fig. 4 the glueor cement is shown in White so as to avoid confusion with the linerepresenting the abrading facing.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 5, it will be noted that the sheetof abrading material is in the nature of a corrugated sheet, and thatits spiral groove or depression, d, (see also Fig. 3,) and spiral rib,d, respectively correspond with the spiral groove and rib of the wheel.The portion of the abrading sheet which is depressed to form its grooveor gutter, (Z, is thus depressed by placing the abrading sheet upon thewheel with a suitable quantity of glue or cement distributed betweenthem, and then applying pressure-preferably by pressing an elastic orflexible pad upon the abrading sheet so as to crowd down a portion ofthe latter in the groove. The portion of the abrading sheet over the ribwill slope somewhat toward the groove portions between which it lies,and hence in grinding or polishing an article, the wear will commencealong the middle line of the rib and gradually work laterally toward thegroove-portions. This slope or inclination along what may be termed theedge portion of the rib is somewhat exaggerated in Fig. 5 in order toillustrate the same, it being observed that by reason of such slope theabrading rib is made somewhat crowning, that is to say higher along itslongitudinal middle portion. In practice this crowning shape of the ribisfiiardly apparent upon a mere inspection of the grinding wheel, but isplainly noticeable upon inspection of the Wheel at different periods ofits service, such inspection showing that the abrading rib first Wearsalong its longitudinal middle line. The grooves or gutters are free fromany and all fastening devices and hence while comparatively narrow andshallow are nevertheless of sufficient depth for receiving looseparticles of sand,emery,corundum, and matters torn from the work. Thebacking, E, of glue or cement is rigid with the abrading cloth or paperand practically provides the same with a grooved and ribbed backingfitted to the grooved and ribbed wheel and adhering to the latter to anextent to produce the practical result of an abrading sheet incorporatedwith the body of the wheel. Ob-

viously the spiral form of groove and rib allows the spirally groovedand rib abrading 'face of the wheel to have a shearing action upon thework and to grind the same rapidly, evenly, and over every pointpresented to the wheel.

In Fig. 6 the wheel is shown provided with concentric annular grooves,5, alternating with annular ribs, 6, and inFig. 7 the wheel is providedwith radial grooves, 8, alternating with radial ribs, 9, it beingunderstood that sheets of abrading material can be secured to suchsurface as described in connection with preceding figures.

The wheel could be made with various forms or arrangements ofdepressions to receive and hold the backing of glue or cement and henceI desire to broadly cover the same, but as special and preferredarrangement I provide the wheel with a ribbed and grooved surfaceportion, and as a further improvement arrange the groove and rib inspiral form.

The process of preparing said abrading wheel consists in uniting a sheetof emery or analogous cloth or paper to the wheel by glue or cement andsubjecting the abrading facing formed by such sheet to the pressure of abody preferably elastic or flexible so as to cause the facing not onlyto adhere firmly to the wheel, butalso to partake of the irregularsurface of the same. By such process I produce a-grinding or polishingwheel consisting of a body, an abrading. facing, and an interveningstrata of glue or cement, all pressed together, with the facingconforming to the surface of the wheel, whether the same be grooved orprovided with any other form of depression, or projections which asamatter of course, necessitate intervening spaces constitutingdepressions.

In Figs. 8 and 9 I have represented the wheel shaped as a cylindric rollA and having its perimeter grooved and covered with a facing D ashereinbefore described in connection with the disk-shaped wheel havingthe facing applied to opposite sides. The grooves can also be spirallyarranged on said roll-shaped wheel,so as to attain the effect of thespiral grooving in the disk.

While I may employ any suitable elastic or yielding body which, whenpressed upon the abrading sheet will depress the same within thedepressions in the body of the wheel so as to compact the glue or cementand cause the abrading sheet to partake of the character of theaforesaid face portion of the body of the wheel, I provide as a matterof further improvement for such purpose an elastic pad F, which can beused as illustrated in Fig. 9 wherein the body of the wheel with a sheetof emery or analogous abrading cloth or paper on each side and a layerof glue or cement between each sheet and the body of the wheel, isplaced within a press G and an elastic pad F also placed between eachabrading sheet and the press. By such arrangement the matters within thepress can be firmly clamped together and thus held until the glue orcement becomes hardened. The pressure IIO applied causes the elasticpads to force the abrading sheet within the grooving or depressions inthe body of the wheel and hence to cause said sheet to partake of thegeneral character of the body of the wheel and unite therewith so as toprovide the wheel With an abrading surface which is rigid therewith andwell adapted as a substitute for emery or corundum wheels as a means forgrinding or polishing metal work. The press may be of any suitableconstruction, the one herein shown being provided with a centrallyarranged bolt H and bolts I at its margin, all of said bolts beingprovided with tightening nuts.

What I claim as my invention is- 1. A grinding or polishing wheelcomprising a body portion having its surface provided with grooving ordepressions and an abrading facing formed by a sheet of emery oranalogous abrading cloth or paper secured to said surface by anintervening stratum of glue or cement and depressed within the groovingor depressions thereof so as to provide an abrading facing correspondingwith the surface to which it is united substantially as and for thepurpose described.

2. A grinding or polishing wheel comprising a disk of metal or analogousdense material having a grooved side, and an abrading facing formed by asheet of emery or analogous abrading cloth or paper secured to thegrooved side of the disk by an intervening stratum of glue or cement anddepressed within the grooving thereof so as to correspond with thegrooved surface to which it is united, substantially as and for thepurpose described.

3. A grinding or polishing Wheel comprising a body portion having aspirally grooved surface, and an abradin g facing united to said surfaceby glue or cement and depressed within the grooving thereof, so as toprovide the Wheel with a spirally grooved abrading facing, substantiallyas described.

4. The within described improvementin th preparation of grinding orpolishing wheels consisting in applying an abrading sheet to the surfaceof a wheel provided with grooving or recesses with an interveningstratum of glue or cement, and shaping and giving to such abrading sheeta permanent set in conformity with the grooved or recessed surface ofthe wheel, by pressure applied to depress the abrading sheet Within thegrooving or recesses in the wheel.

5. The within described improvement in the preparation of grinding orpolishing wheels, consisting in applying an. abrading sheet of emery oranalogous abrading cloth, paper or like material to the surface of awheel provided with grooving or depressions, applying a flexible orelastic pad upon said sheet, and applying pressure so as to cause thepad to compress the abrading sheet in conformity with the surface of thewheel.

FREDERICK N. GARDNER.

WVitnesses:

J. J. BRITTAN, A. l. CADMAN.

